Papers
Plastic Pipes Conference Association # 2014 Chicago
Patricia Perdiz Fernandez, Miguel Angel Molano Niampira, Felipe Salcedo Galán, Felipe Álvarez Torres
Abrasion resistance is the ability of a material to withstand mechanical action such as rubbing, scraping, or erosion. Such ability helps to maintain the material's original appearance, structure and mechanical properties. It’s a decisive factor in the selection of materials for their use in mining pipe. Abrasive effect of solid particles in mining slurries can significantly decrease the average service life of a pipeline. The extent of the problem depends on the type, size and concentration of the solid in the slurry, frequency with which the solid is in contact with the pipe, velocity of the flow, and the material type of the pipe among others.
Cross-linking consists of connecting the different polymer chains through carbon-carbon bonds, which directly link adjacent chains; the making of a three-dimensional structure improves the mechanical and thermal performance of the resin.
A two-stage cross-linking process was developed using an initiator to verify if this molecular modification created an improvement in the abrasion resistance of a high density polyethylene resin.
A phenomenon of competition between the three-dimensional structure formed as a result of cross-linking and a decrease in the degree of crystallization of the material was observed with increasing initiator content. This behavior induced property changes in the material, which resulted in an abrasion resistance improvement of up to 58% at low initiator contents when tested at extreme loading and friction conditions¸ using abrading wheels to simulate the wear associated with the collision of solid particles on the surface of the pipe.
Related papers
Author(s) : Chris Ampfer, Gene Palermo, Ernest & Oren Lever
This paper looks at the origin of the 10% allowable scratch depth rule for polyethylene (PE) pressure pipe developed in 1971 and research that has been performed over the years since its inception to determine the validity of this rule. The 10% rule has been used by natural gas pipeline operators since the 1970’s to...
Author(s) : Thomas R. Kratochvilla, Patrick Grünbeck, Christoph Bruckner, Raimund Eremiasch, Harald Wilhelm, Mario Vukelja
In the last decades pipe dimensions of extruded PE pipes have reached new orders of size. Today, PE pipes with outer diameters of up to DN/OD 3500 mm are produced and used for pressure pipe applications like seawater intake/discharge, outfall, sewage and industrial process piping systems. To test the long-term...
Author(s) : Ulrich Schulte, Dr. -Ing. Joachim Hessel
In order to protect the Austrian lakes effectively against the discharge of effluent, a 13 km long pressure pipeline made of high density polyethylene was laid on the bottom of Lake Ossiach back in 1971. The DN355 to DN200 pipes were produced from a first generation HDPE-compound. The classification would have been...
Author(s) : Nolene Byrne, Rasike De Silva, Keith Lenghaus, Tim Hilditch
Plastic pipes have been utilized in the Australian gas distribution network since the early 1970s. The most common plastic type found in Australia is polyethylene (PE), although nylon is extensively used in New South Wales. Early installation of PE pipe was completed using the first generation high density type PE50...
Author(s) : Carlos Domínguez, Álvaro Pérez, Nuria Robledo, Cristina González, Beatriz Paredes, Rafael A. García-Muñoz
Last methodologies for fast evaluation of the SCG resistance on polyethylene pipe materials are analyzed in this work and compared with traditional PENT and FNCT tests. Strain Hardening (SH), Crack Round Bar (CRB) and Accelerated Creep Test (ACT) will be good alternatives for evaluating PE100RC resins. Moreover, SH...
Author(s) : Amanda Hawkins, Jason Lawrence, Xiangli Meng
High Density Polyethylene pipes are used in various applications due to the material’s superior chemical resistance, pressure capability, and ductility. For the material to perform at the optimal design criteria, the connections and fabrications must be fused using repeatable procedures that specify proper fusion...
Author(s) : Jie Feng, Michael Petr, Jeff Wenzel, Mark Mirgon, Sam Crabtree, Alan Nakatani
Through tensile tests, simulated orientation, tribology, and finite element analysis, this study explored the effect of temperature, lubrication and applied hydraulic pressure in the PVC orientation process. It was demonstrated that tight control of these parameters is critical in a continuous PVC orientation process...
Author(s) : Jim Goddard, Mario Paredes
Samples of polyethylene pipe supplied to mining projects throughout the Americas were selected and tested for compliance with existing ASTM specifications. Estimated service life of these pipe products in mining applications are made based on the laboratory tests required in the ASTM specifications. Anticipated...
Author(s) : Dominique GUEUGNAUT, Adil BOUJLAL, Aymeric LOPITAUX, Romuald BOUAFFRE
A specific methodology has been designed by ENGIE’ R&T Division to allow an accurate determination of the initiation (incubation) time of the NCBT data. This methodology is based on two different data processing procedures. The first data processing proceeds from searching the minimum of the second derivative of both...
Author(s) : Alex Geringer
PolyethyIene pipes with their widely prized benefits, such as low weight, high flexibility and high pressure resistance to 16 bar, have become state of the art in dimensions up to d 630 mm (24”). Today, pipelines up to outer diameters of d 2000 mm (80”) or more are getting used frequently within different...
Author(s) : Carlos Domínguez, Nuria Robledo, Rafael A. García
Slow Crack Growth (SCG) is the most critical failure mechanism in high density polyethylene used in pipe applications to determine the long-term performance of the resin. The most common methods for evaluating the SCG resistance are the Pennsylvania Edge Notched Tensile (PENT), Full Notch Creep Test (FNCT) and the...
Author(s) : Steven Horwatt, Randall Duderstadt, Douglas Keller, Sameer Mehta
The development of an antioxidant package for potential use in chlorine resistance of polyethylene pipe is a timeintensive exercise. Previous studies have shown that simple bench top experiments in the solution phase, coupled with LC-MS as a rapid tool for evaluating the analysis of antioxidant reaction products after...
Author(s) : Vince King
In order to greatly reduce the risk of a compromised butt fusion joint in a plastic piping system, the ability to collect, analyze, and trace butt fusion data is becoming increasingly more important, and in many plastic pipeline specifications a mandated procedure. When the parameters and critical steps of the butt...
Author(s) : Bernd Klemm
The article provides a detailed consideration of the process steps necessitating new solutions in comparison to the welding of pipes of medium diameters. Welders and planners can learn about a range of new solutions with which we have already worked successfully. This provides assistance with future...
Author(s) : Bill R. Vanhoose, Jarrett A. Nelson, Christa K. McNish, Richard W. Thomas
The Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM) is a form of Time-Temperature Superpositioning (TTS) that involves measuring the creep rate of a sample while it is subjected to a series of isothermal temperature steps. The accelerated temperature results can then be shifted back to room temperature to produce a master-curve....
Author(s) : Nicholas Piazza, Bill VanHoose, P.E.
In recent years, ASTM D6992 [1] has been and continues to be referenced as an acceptable test method for creep phenomenon in corrugated pipes. Example product specifications include AASHTO M330 [2], ASTM F2418 [3], ASTM F2736 [4], ASTM F2947 [5], ASTM F2764 [6], Washington DOT Standard Practice T 925 [7]....
Author(s) : Kazuhisa Igawa, Yuji Higuchi, Daisuke Tanemura, Kazushi Yamada, Hiroyuki Nishimura, Sakiko Fukunishi, Kazufumi Kohno, Hidekazu Honma, Hidekazu Sugimori
Recently, as awareness about energy-saving is increasing, high-efficiency energy systems have been developed and introduced. In addition, public and private sectors have simultaneously been implementing various efforts aiming to improve their prevalence rates. These initiatives are represented by the Cogeneration Gas...
Author(s) : Antti Tynys, Cristian Hedesiu
In the Middle East propylene random copolymers (PP-R) are commonly used for heating, plumbing and domestic water systems in large, prestigious high rise buildings. These buildings may contain more than 60-80 floors and be over 300 metres in height, which demands many kilometres of pipe in sizes up to 160 mm in...
Author(s) : William J. Gauthier, LuAnn Kelly, William (Rusty) Wheat, Toby Stevens
Polyethylene pipe has been successfully used in potable water systems throughout the world since the 1960’s. In many countries, polyethylene is the material of choice. Water utilities and municipalities are increasingly demanding higher performance and lower cost options to build and maintain their water...
Author(s) : Khalid Farrag
The paper presents a testing program for the evaluation of the long-term performance of composite structural liners for use in the rehabilitation of transmission and distribution liquid and gas pipelines. The paper first reviews previous research efforts, identifies the approach, and presents a testing program to...
Members of the Association
