The Cooling Phase of Large Pipe Manufacture

Author(s) : S H Beech, P Belloir, C Salles

Plastics piping systems are specified against a relevant standard, giving dimensions, essential performance requirements, the design basis for pressure rating, and testing to prove fitness for purpose, giving the end user the confidence to use these systems. The plastics pipes industry has successfully developed...

Author(s) : Stephen Beech, Christophe Salles, Ulrich Schulte

Polyethlyene, Pipes, Buttfusion, Joining, Testing Several well established procedures are used for butt fusion welding of PE pipes globally. The most widely used are the European Single Pressure, UK Dual Pressure, and the USA High Pressure procedures. In the future it may be possible to rationalise these procedures....

Author(s) : S.Beech

Several well established procedures are used for butt fusion welding of PE pipes globally. The most widely used procedures are the European Single Pressure, UK Dual Pressure, and the USA High Pressure procedures. In the future it may be possible to rationalise these procedures. Materials and machinery developments are...

Author(s) : Beech, Clutton

Design of pipe systems for lifetimes in excess of 100 years depends on accelerated testing of pipe at different temperatures, and standard extrapolation methods for assessment of the minimum required strength. However resistance to slow crack growth is an essential parameter to take into account for the development of...

Author(s) : Beech, Ferguson, Clutton

Design of pipe systems for 50 year lifetimes depends on accelerated testing of pipe at different temperatures and standard extrapolation methods for assessment of whether the minimum required strength is achieved. Further acceleration is used in the notched pipe test (NPT), which is a medium term (up to 1000 hour)...

Author(s) : Beech, Ducan, Millar

Polyethylene has been used for pipeline applications for nearly 50 years now. It has become the prime material choice for gas and water distribution systems and many other applications worldwide. This paper reviews the growth in the market for polyethylene pipe products for both pressure and non pressure applications...

Author(s) : Allcard, Beech

It is widely accepted that in testing, the long term fracture mode for Electrofusion (EF) socket fittings is via Slow Crack Growth (SCG), initiating from the first wire turn from the centre cold zone of the fitting. This study examines the injection moulding process and the EF welding process and their potential to...

Author(s) : Beech

Pressure pipeline systems are a critical application for materials and demand high levels of performance and reliability. It is not by chance that plastics pipeline systems have gained a considerable market share, particularly in the gas and water utilities supply system. This paper briefly reviews the key properties...

Author(s) : Beech

Pressure pipeline systems are a critical application for materials and demand high levels of performance and reliability. Resistance to slow crack growth is a key consideration for both metals and polymers alike, which must be dealt with by the appropriate material selection, product design and manufacturing control....

Author(s) : Pittman, Farah

Once a grade of polymer has been specified for pipe production, the properties of the finished pipe depend on the processing conditions. By properties we mean here those attributes that will influence the in-service performance, and these can be grouped under three headings: Pipe geometry. To meet specifications and...

Author(s) : Isaac, Eccott, Pittman, Farah

This study has sought to characterise the variations in mechanical properties and residual stresses that develop as a result of the differential cooling rates that occur through the thickness of commercially produced polyethylene pipes. The mechanical behaviour has been studied through measurement of tensile...

Author(s) : Isaac, Eccott, Perridge, Pittman

A detailed investigation has been carried out on the microstructure of various polyethylenes recently developed for applications in the pipe industry. Of particular interest have been the PElOO formulations, and samples of these have been studied both from commercial piping and from laboratory produced plaques....

Author(s) : Beech, Headford, Hunt, Sandilands

The guldeUnes g h n in BS CP 312 :Pwt 2 : 1973 w e recommended to the UK toater industryfor the deslgn of polyethylene pfpeline systems to toke inin account the effects of tmnsient [surge) pressurejluctuatlons with respect to fatigue (ref.1). These guIdelInes we based on earlier experience wlth PVC-Usewer h i n g...

Author(s) : Pittman, Farah

Heat transfer coefficients for splay cooling in the manufacture of blue, yellow and black PE-80 and PE100 MDPE pipes are determined by measuring pipe surface tempemhtres in the annealing zones between splay tanks, and then fitting a computer simulation of the cooling process by adjustment of heat wander coefficients....

Author(s) : Beech, Allwood

The basis for the evaluation of polyethylene materials for pressure pipe applications is hydrostatic stress rupture testing for the prediction of long term hoop strength.However it is crucially important that the fracture properties of the materials are understood and indeed may result in limitations of their use....

Author(s) : Mallison, Gwynn

BP Chemicals International together with Stewarts and Lloyds Plastics have provided Rigidex PC 002-50 R968 pipes for the WRC project studying rapid fracture, fatigue and ageing characteristics of MDPE.The production and characterisation of the pipes and compound are discussed. In particular the residual stress,...

Author(s) : Beech, Burley, Bunn

Production of plastics pipes by conventional extrusion results in 'frozen i n r stress in the pipe wall, termed residual stress. Techniques have been established for assessina the levels of ~, this stress and relating to extrusion coaling conditions by mathematical modelling. However, the effects on long term...

Author(s) : Beech, Hutten, Ritz