Harmonisation of polyethylene pipe buttfusion procedures and test methods - Final conclusions [PE]

Author(s) : Francis Reny Costa, Anh Tuan Tran, Jeroen Oderkerk, Thomas Hjertberg, Christophe Salles, Ulf W. Gedde, Benjamin Rabaud, Flavia Zraick

The premature failure of polyethylene pipes in contact with high chlorine and chlorine dioxide, used as residual disinfectants in drinking water distribution, remains an area of concern for water companies particularly in regions where temperatures are regularly or seasonally high. Multiple factors can amplify the...

Author(s) : Steve Sandstrum, Stephen Boros

As the technical performance and reliability of polyethylene pipe systems have grown, so too has the range of application and the complexities for designing and sourcing the variety of components necessary for these projects. In today’s global market, major industrial and/or municipal investments such as raw water...

Author(s) : S H Beech, P Belloir, C Salles

Plastics piping systems are specified against a relevant standard, giving dimensions, essential performance requirements, the design basis for pressure rating, and testing to prove fitness for purpose, giving the end user the confidence to use these systems. The plastics pipes industry has successfully developed...

Author(s) : Martina Sandholzer, Michael Jerabek, Christophe Salles, Günter Dreiling

Due to the combination of climate change impact, resulting in many regions of the world having a heavier and unpredictable rainfall, together with increased urbanization, the possibility for lower natural infiltration of the water into the soil has created a real challenge for storm water management systems. Forecast...

Author(s) : Christophe Salles, Christoph Stamm, Hugo Hammar

Traditional piping materials e.g. metals are becoming outdated due to their high weight, difficult handling and questionable performance over time. These are only a few of the reasons why plastics have rapidly become the preferred pipe material over the last few decades. PP-RCT (PolyPropylene Random Crystalline...

Author(s) : Francis R. Costa, Christophe Salles, Anh Tuan Tran, Jeroen Oderkerk and Thomas Hjertberg

Over the years polyethylene has gained preference as the material of choice for water distribution pipes due to its long successful track record offering comparatively lower frequency of leakage, corrosion resistance, flexibility, light weight, easy installation, etc. However, in recent years, there have been growing...

Author(s) : Jane Toogood, Dorothea Wiplinger, Christophe Salles, David Walton

Securing access to safe water and sanitation is recognised as one of the world’s most pressing societal and environmental challenges. Launched in 2007 by Borealis and Borouge,‘Water for the World’ is a programme platform to advance solutions, expertise and know-how to address this challenge. Activities are...

Author(s) : STEPHEN W. BAKER

Corrugated polyethylene drainage pipe has been used for agricultural drainage in the Midwestern United States for approximately forty years. The increased worldwide demand for corn and soybeans has triggered an increased use of fertilizers and drainage systems by the producer. This combination of these two yield...

Author(s) : S.Beech

Several well established procedures are used for butt fusion welding of PE pipes globally. The most widely used procedures are the European Single Pressure, UK Dual Pressure, and the USA High Pressure procedures. In the future it may be possible to rationalise these procedures. Materials and machinery developments are...

Author(s) : Ulrich Schulte, Heinz Vogt, Hans-Friedrich Enderle, Dieter Lilge

The completion of a pressure test is mandatory for all new pipe systems. Its purpose is to demonstrate the overall leak-proof condition of the system. In the course of this test, HDPE pipes of SDR 17 class are exposed to high stress loads. In an extensive test programme, all failure mechanisms observed in long-term...

Author(s) : Lars Selling and Ingrid Andersson, Christophe Salles and Lars Höjer

Kungsors Plast AB, in co-operation with Borealis, has pioneered the underground plastic piping for petrol filling stations with the first polyethylene piping used by Shell Sweden in 1981. The retail sector with petrol filling stations has used PE-based underground piping since the early 1980s. With increased awareness...

Author(s) : C.Salles

Geothermal energy is broadly recognised as an environmentally friendly, cost-effective and virtually inexhaustive heat source, as well as an increasingly credible alternative to traditional heating solutions. Only a small portion of the potential energy is actually used. The fastest growing segment, with very...

Author(s) : Schulte

After the discovery of the low-pressure process for the production of polyethylene with the aid of Ziegler catalysts, only another year went by before pipes were being extruded in highdensity polyethylene. In the same year, at the end of 1954, Hoechst had already begun to carry out long-term failure tests on HDPE...

Author(s) : U. Schulte

There are three factors that can influence the service life of plastics pipes: mechanical overloading, environmental stress cracking and degradation caused by oxidation at high temperatures. This article deals primarily with the degradation that occurs during processing at high temperatures and also – as an...

Author(s) : Beech, Clutton

Design of pipe systems for lifetimes in excess of 100 years depends on accelerated testing of pipe at different temperatures, and standard extrapolation methods for assessment of the minimum required strength. However resistance to slow crack growth is an essential parameter to take into account for the development of...

Author(s) : Beech, Ferguson, Clutton

Design of pipe systems for 50 year lifetimes depends on accelerated testing of pipe at different temperatures and standard extrapolation methods for assessment of whether the minimum required strength is achieved. Further acceleration is used in the notched pipe test (NPT), which is a medium term (up to 1000 hour)...

Author(s) : Berthold, Boehm, Enderle, Lackner, Lilge, Schulte

The new generation pipe materials PE 100 are now well positioned in the market because of their unusual combination of mechanical properties. Major advantages are high resistance versus slow crack growth combined with superior stiffness. These new PE 100 resins show very high long term hydrostatic strength for...

Author(s) : Beech, Ducan, Millar

Polyethylene has been used for pipeline applications for nearly 50 years now. It has become the prime material choice for gas and water distribution systems and many other applications worldwide. This paper reviews the growth in the market for polyethylene pipe products for both pressure and non pressure applications...

Author(s) : Schulte

Lifetime expectations play a major role when selecting materials for pressure pipes. Information on the service life of a piping system made of polyethylene can be gained from the creep rupture tests at various temperatures being evaluated by standardized extrapolation methods (ISO/TR 9080). With the help of test...

Author(s) : Allcard, Beech

It is widely accepted that in testing, the long term fracture mode for Electrofusion (EF) socket fittings is via Slow Crack Growth (SCG), initiating from the first wire turn from the centre cold zone of the fitting. This study examines the injection moulding process and the EF welding process and their potential to...