Plastic Pipes Conference Association # 2006 Washington DC
Palermo, Vibien, Oliphant, Kosari
The corrugated HDPE pipe industry is considering the responsible use of recycled materials in their pipe production and also in their pipe standards. One of the key requirements for successful use of recycled materials is ensuring performance of the resulting HDPE corrugated pipe. As slow crack growth (SCG) has been identified as a potential key criterion in long-term field performance for HDPE corrugated pipe, research was undertaken to develop a test method for corrugated HDPE pipe samples that results in laboratory SCG failures that test the highest stress riser in the pipe wall geometry. The test method developed utilizes pipe ring segments that are internally pressurized and tested at elevated temperatures, and result in an SCG failure in the liner wall, which is the highest stress area as measured by finite element analysis (FEA). By applying the mathematical modeling techniques of the Rate Process Method (RPM) on laboratory SCG data obtained on pipe ring samples at multiple temperatures and multiple pressures, it is possible to project the difference in SCG resistance between virgin and recycled materials under service conditions. Once the RPM performance of control HDPE corrugated pipe made with virgin resins is determined, it is then possible to determine the effect of recycled materials by conducting a similar RPM experiment on the same pipe produced with recycled materials. This paper will explain the pipe ring test method, compare SCG failure modes of laboratory data with pipe samples exhumed from field service, describe use of RPM methodology on the laboratory SCG data, and detail the proposed next phase in the development of the methodology.
Related papers
Author(s) : Chris Ampfer, Gene Palermo, Ernest & Oren Lever
This paper looks at the origin of the 10% allowable scratch depth rule for polyethylene (PE) pressure pipe developed in 1971 and research that has been performed over the years since its inception to determine the validity of this rule. The 10% rule has been used by natural gas pipeline operators since the 1970’s to...
Author(s) : Tom Stewart, Richard Hicks, Patrick Vibien, Lance MacNevin
Arguably, broadband technologies have become as vital to society as water delivery, waste removal and energy distribution. However, the role of plastic conduit in broadband is often overlooked within the piping industry and society in general. HDPE conduit is an essential component to the build -out of 5G cell...
Author(s) : Dr. Ken Oliphant, William Luff, Dr. Peter Angelo, Patrick Vibien
Managing aging pipeline infrastructure is an important part of overall pipeline risk management. The critical risk management questions for an aging infrastructure are: how quickly should replacement occur and what parts of the system should be prioritized for replacement. To answer these questions it is necessary to...
Author(s) : Dr. Ken Oliphant, Patrick Vibien, Dr. Michael Conrad, Sarah Chung
A new methodology has been developed to validate the performance of polyethylene piping materials in potable water applications. The methodology is based on several research programs which examined a standardized accelerated test methodology (ASTM F2263 Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Oxidative Resistance of...
Author(s) : Dr. Gene Palermo, Dr. Dane Chang, Dr. Jimmy Zhou
The scope of this paper is to provide information for the plastic piping industry on a test methodology that could determine the design life of heat fusion fittings and joints at the end user field conditions of operating stress, operating temperature and desired design life. This methodology is useful not only for...
Author(s) : Dr. Ken Oliphant, Patrick Vibien
New and formal approaches to Asset Management (AM), such as the PAS-55 and ISO 55000 Asset Management standards have been developed over the past decade. These AM standards can be applied to pipelines and cover all stages of a pipeline's lifecycle - acquisition, operation, maintenance and renewal/disposal and provide...
Author(s) : Dennis Jarnecke, Tony Kosari
The purpose of this research was to conduct a thorough evaluation of a structural reinforcing system (patch) for the repair and/or reinforcement of mechanically damaged polyethylene pipes in an effort to establish permanency of the repairs and determine the life expectancy. MDPE and HDPE pipe specimens with machined...
Author(s) : Rob. J. Fox, Dr. Gene Palermo
CSA Z662 is the Standard for the use of plastic pipe in Canadian oil and gas pipeline systems. This paper will give an overview of the recently approved revisions to CSA Z662-11 “Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems”, which will be published next year. These revisions include the following : - RCP Requirements for PE pipe, -...
Author(s) : Dr. Gene Palermo
The scope of this paper is to clarify the various pipe material designation codes and other terms (PE 4710, PE 4710 PLUS, PE 100, PE 100 RC and PE 100+) that are used in the piping industry for high density polyethylene (HDPE) materials. These are the benchmark “high performance” HDPE materials used worldwide for a...
Author(s) : K.Oliphant
Polyethylene (PE) piping materials have been used in potable water applications for more than 50 years with considerable success and have enjoyed a consistently high satisfaction rating from Water Utilities. Since the introduction of these first materials, material performance has evolved significantly. To demonstrate...
Author(s) : S. Chung, M. Conrad, S. Lee, K. Oliphant, M. Wang
ASTM F2023 and ASTM F2263 have been used to evaluate the oxidative resistance of plastic piping materials to potable water. As a potential method to accelerate this testing, the use of internally notched pipe has been investigated and preliminary research has shown that the method appears to be able to generate the...
Author(s) : G.Palermo
Manitoba Hydro is the electrical and natural gas utility for the province of Manitoba. A project to expand the existing natural gas system was initiated in 2005 which required the installation of a 29 kilometer (18 miles) main to connect a new town to the existing system. Project financial restrictions could not be...
Author(s) : Chung, Li, Oliphant, Vibien, Rozental-Evesque, Rabaud
Plastic piping materials confer many advantages for applications in Potable Water transportation. Considerable research has been conducted to develop methodologies for ensuring performance in these applications for service lifetimes that target an excess of 100 years. A key component of these accelerated methodologies...
Author(s) : Chung, Oliphant, Vibien, Zhang
Disinfectants are commonly added to potable water to control bacteria, viruses, protozoa, algae and fungi which can potentially lead to waterborne diseases. The three most common disinfectants used for maintaining a disinfectant residual in North America are chlorine, chloramines and chlorine dioxide. While these...
Author(s) : Kosari, Oliphant, Vibien,
The Small Scale Steady State (S4) Rapid Crack Propagation (RCP) test methodology has proven to be an effective tool in assessing resistance to rapid crack propagation. At the same time, an evolution in polyethylene material performance has occurred that has produced materials with increasingly higher resistance to...
Author(s) : Lever, Palermo, Wright, Oliphant
The piping industry has a need for a well-founded methodology to predict lifetime of pipeline components subject to stress concentration. Another useful tool would be a method to assess the impact of manufacturing processes on the slow crack growth (SCG) properties of a resin that can be used for process control in a...
Author(s) : Belforte, Gerard, Palermo, Guerra
South America is a region with a fast increase in economic growth and energy needs, and natural gas represents a strategic energy source not only for producers like Argentina but also for net importers like Uruguay and source-differentiated countries like Brazil. The fast development of the economy leads to request of...
Author(s) : Maeger, Vanspeybroeck, Lamborn, Mamoun, Leevers, Oliphant
As polyethylene pressure pipes enter the global marketplace under an ever-wider range of operating conditions, there is increasing emphasis on their rapid crack propagation performance. It is important that both producers and end-users are able to rely on the robustness of the rapid crack propagation test results and...
Author(s) : Palermo
The CRS (Categorized Required Strength) concept was developed within the ISO pressure rating system to provide more flexibility to the design engineer. One of the major uses of CRS is to provide a design basis of 100 years for plastic piping applications. With the CRS concept plastic pipe can now have a design basis...
Author(s) : Zhou, Palermo
ISO MRS and ASTM HDB rating systems have been successfully used for more than four decades in Europe and North America. MRS differentiates well the three generations of HDPE materials by classifying them as PE63, PE80 and PE100. However, HDB classifies all three generations of HDPE as only one PE 3408. When...
Members of the Association
