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Posters # 2010 Vancouver
The static test method of the Notched Ring Test (NRT) is compared with a fatigue testing method of Cracked Round Bar (CRB). Both methods are candidates for the classification of polyethylene (PE) materials with high resistance against Slow Crack Growth (SCG). In this paper tests of two PE 100 and two PE 100-RC materials are presented.
Author(s) : Thomas R. Kratochvilla, Raimund Eremiasch, Christoph Bruckner
In the last years effort has been made to develop and standardise new accelerated test methods to evaluate PE 100-RC materials in short times in form of test bars. The two most important developments, the cracked round bar test (CRB test) and the strain hardening test (SH test) were published as final ISO standards in...
Author(s) : Markus Gall, Reinhold W. Lang, Joerg Fischer, Ansgar Niehoff, Steven Schmidt
Despite recent efforts in promoting the utilization of recycled polymeric materials for more diverse and more advanced applications, there are still significant knowledge gaps with regards to the applicability of certain recyclate types for specific “re-use” purposes. When it comes to pipe applications, for instance,...
Author(s) : Michael Pluimer, Richard Thomas
Over the past decade, there have been several key research projects to evaluate the performance of corrugated HDPE pipes manufactured with post-consumer and postindustrial recycled materials for highway and railroad drainage applications. Three of these projects were recently completed and published (NCHRP Project...
Author(s) : Christian Schalich
This paper introduces a new technology based on millimeter waves. It provides a noncontact, non-destructive, online measurement of inner and outer diameter, ovality, wall thicknesses, and sagging (sagging of the melt during solidification at a too high viscosity) of large plastic pipes during the extrusion...
Author(s) : Richard St-Aubin, Dr. Thomas O’Rourke, Dr. Brad Wham, Blake Berger
Molecularly oriented polyvinyl chloride (PVC-O) pipe has been found to withstand large ground deformation during seismic events without damage. The properties of PVC-O pipe that support this performance have been investigated in a multi-year testing program undertaken at the Geotechnical Lifelines Large Scale Testing...
Author(s) : Andreas Frank, Isabelle J. Berger, Mario Messiha, Carl-Gustaf Ek, Norbert Schuler, Jens-Martin Storheil, Erwin Mayrbäurl, Steve Heeley, Frank Krause, Lodewijk Niemöller, Philippe Gabriëls, Yogesh S. Deshmukh, Florian Arbeiter, Thomas Koch, Gerald Pinter
In order to improve the circular economy of polymers in terms of sustainability and reduced carbon footprint, the increased use of recyclates has become a topic of major importance. Due to their long design lifetimes, pipe applications represent an excellent opportunity to create added value to non-virgin polymers. In...
Author(s) : Lonnie Corley, Dane Chang, Harvey Svetlik, Matt Brandes, Thomas Musto, Frank Schaaf, David Fink
This paper presents a brief overview of a challenging project at the Callaway Nuclear Power Plant where HDPE was utilized to replace degraded steel buried piping in a Safety Related water system. Callaway was the first Nuclear Power plant to obtain NRC approval and successfully place the HDPE piping system into...
Author(s) : Francis Reny Costa, Anh Tuan Tran, Jeroen Oderkerk, Thomas Hjertberg, Christophe Salles, Ulf W. Gedde, Benjamin Rabaud, Flavia Zraick
The premature failure of polyethylene pipes in contact with high chlorine and chlorine dioxide, used as residual disinfectants in drinking water distribution, remains an area of concern for water companies particularly in regions where temperatures are regularly or seasonally high. Multiple factors can amplify the...
Author(s) : Thomas C. Pedersen, Robert R. Kwapisz
This paper presents rheological data on simple rigid PVC compositions lubricated paraffin wax, calcium stearate, and oxidized polyethylene wax. These three materials comprise the most widely used lubricant system for rigid PVC in North America. The influence of certain paraffin wax characteristics will be discussed....
Author(s) : Stefan Kremling, Thomas Hochrein, Peter Heidemeyer
In plastics industry, the use of terahertz technology opens up opportunities for novel non-destructive and contactless testing applications. For example, the thickness of individual layers of a foamed multilayered plastic pipe can be monitored contactless and continuously during the extrusion process. Furthermore,...
Author(s) : Michael Pluimer, Rick Thomas
A new test method was developed to evaluate the stress crack resistance of HDPE materials containing recycled content. The method involves testing un-notched specimens in an elevated temperature bath under a specified stress. The new test method was published in March of 2016 as ASTM F3181, Standard Test Method for...
Author(s) : Brigitte Diekhaus, Ralf Mickley, Dr. Henning Stieglitz, Heinrich Dohmann, Dr. Markus Bornemann
The paper offers an overview of systems and components for efficient pipe extrusion, particularly for larger and thick-walled pipes. It introduces several possibilities for lower melt temperatures and internal pipe cooling. Together these systems can significantly reduce sagging and cooling length needed in the line....
Author(s) : Tomas Helenius, Karin Jacobson, Thomas Blomfeldt
Polyethylene is the leading material for new installation of drinking water pipes in Sweden. The material is recognized by the market as a flexible, light weight and an inexpensive solution. The material is ideal for water piping, however the lifetime is only guaranteed for 50 years. This is a problematic limitation...
Author(s) : Bill R. Vanhoose, Jarrett A. Nelson, Christa K. McNish, Richard W. Thomas
The Stepped Isothermal Method (SIM) is a form of Time-Temperature Superpositioning (TTS) that involves measuring the creep rate of a sample while it is subjected to a series of isothermal temperature steps. The accelerated temperature results can then be shifted back to room temperature to produce a master-curve....
Author(s) : Andy Ethridge, Meril Maman, Dr. Markus Grob, White G. Jee
Color masterbatches or concentrates have been in use with plastic pipes as a means of color coding for identification of pipes by application. The color masterbatch contains not only color pigment(s), but also other ingredients that are necessary to protect the pipe during production and assure long-term durability....
Author(s) : Yuji Higuchi, Kazuhiro Nishimoto, Takeshi Mise, Eiji Takenaka, Markus Hartmann
This study explores the Japanese market for polyamide 12 (PA12) pipes in terms of new product market success. To gain the market penetration, there are various entry barriers for the new product in the new market field which has big distance between current marketing areas and target country. In spite of becoming...
Author(s) : Tiem Meijering, Jeannette Mulder, Günter Dreiling, Heinz Vogt
In this study, it has been demonstrated that a 100 years service-lifetime for non-pressure sewage pipes, solid wall pipes and structured-wall pipes of PE and PP, can be expected provided some basic conditions are met. It has been demonstrated that the resistance to thermo-oxidative degradation of the applied materials...
Author(s) : Sergio Kempenich, Markus Hartmann, Carsten Schuett, Ralf Tuellmann, Daniel Crucello, Vitor Lavini
Unplasticized Polyamide 12 (PA-U 12) has been investigated as an alternative to steel for high pressure gas installations with operation pressures up to 18 bar (261 psi). Several tests developed and conducted in Germany, USA and Brazil have reached positive results in terms of performance and costs. However, Brazilian...
Author(s) : Christian Schlummer & Rolf Heusser
Polymer raw material costs for plastic pipe producers count for up to 80% of the total production costs. For non-pressure sewerage pipe application, one way to significantly reduce raw material consumption is to produce foam core multilayer pipes instead of solid wall products. A new development now allows to retrofit...
Author(s) : Andreas Frank, Anita Redhead, Thomas Kratochvilla, Heinz Dragaun, Gerald Pinter
Key words : Polyethylene, pipe, test method, lifetime, slow crack growth For a qualitative characterization of the slow crack growth resistance of polyethylene pipe grades several test methods are available. Especially for modern pipe grades these test methods exceed practical time frames and new acceleration methods...
