Herbert Terwyen, Roberto de Palo, Manuel Sanchez
Papers # 2016 Berlin
New standards in Italy legally require that chlorine dioxide is used as a disinfectant in any new installation that treat water for human consumption. Chlorine dioxide is preferred to other disinfectants when surface water or water from rivers is used for drinking water supply and particularly Southern European countries started to investigate this option. Next to inherent advantages of using chlorine dioxide, the stronger oxidative degradation effect on pipe materials could represent a significant disadvantage.
Due to this trend, the question about the durability of the current pipe systems and improved pipe materials for water supply becomes crucial. Accelerated test methods are necessary to evaluate the performance of materials that get into contact with water containing chlorine dioxide.
Investigations have been conducted in cooperation with IRETI (previous IREN), a major Italian multiutility. A method has been developed to differentiate PE100 pipe materials according to their resistance to water containing chlorine disinfectants.
LNE, France, developed the methodology of the NOL Ring Creep Test (Draft standard XP T 54-986) and several materials have been tested accordingly.
This article describes the test methodologies and reports the results obtained with different pipe materials. Recently developed improved grades can be clearly differentiated from standard materials.
Related papers
Author(s) : Sjoerd Jansma, René Hermkens
More than 20,000 km of rigid PVC (or PVC-U) pipes are currently in use for the distribution of natural gas in the Netherlands. In this decade, the majority of these pipes will reach their initially specified lifespan of 50 years. In the light of a possible replacement surge, it is increasingly important to identify...
Author(s) : Ernst van der Stok
For PE 100-RC, two tests are still under development for pipes: the point load test (PLT) and the accelerated notch pipe test (aNPT). The PLT was developed by a project group consisting of manufacturers and end users. The PLT determines the resistance to point loads as they can occur in practice. An earlier study...
Author(s) : S. Nestelberger, J. Cheng
The Point Load Test (PLT) [ 1, 2] was designed to simulate the SCG (slow crack growth) failure initiated by a rock pressing into the exterior wall of a polymer pipe. Today’s PE materials sustain long PLT testing times, due to its high SCG resistance design. Consequently, an accelerated “PLT+” with the support of...
Author(s) : Dr. Holger Brüning, Serge Hascoët, Yann Delanne, Didier Nozahic, Jawdat Mansour, José Santana
RTE operates, maintains and develops the French electricity network, including the High and very High Voltage cable lines. Their network is the largest in Europe and includes over 6400 km of underground HV links operated in 2018. The company is modernizing and developing its network by investing 1.5 billion euros per...
Author(s) : Sultan Alkendi, Mohamed Jaber, Ahmed Atef Helal
The current push to reduce governmental energy subsidies has moved the need to adapt utility gas distribution networks toward the top of Middle Eastern governmental near-term agendas. Egypt is at the forefront of this push towards gasification. The United Arab Emirates has started on the path towards gasification...
Author(s) : Mario Messiha, Britta Gerets, Jan Heimink, Andreas Frank, Florian Arbeiter, Gerald Pinter
A majority of field failure of viscoelastic plastic pipes can be attributed to slow crack growth (SCG) and has become crucial in terms of characterization of newly developed materials – particularly, if they are designed for pressurized pipe applications. In this study, investigations in terms of SCG resistances...
Author(s) : Thomas R. Kratochvilla, Patrick Grünbeck, Christoph Bruckner, Raimund Eremiasch, Harald Wilhelm, Mario Vukelja
In the last decades pipe dimensions of extruded PE pipes have reached new orders of size. Today, PE pipes with outer diameters of up to DN/OD 3500 mm are produced and used for pressure pipe applications like seawater intake/discharge, outfall, sewage and industrial process piping systems. To test the long-term...
Author(s) : Alireza Sahaf Amin, Dr. Gholamreza Pircheraghi
PE-Xa pipes used in the hot water supply are required for high mechanical strength and high creep resistance at high temperature. Because of the higher cross-link degree of PE-Xa pipes as compared with other crosslinked pipes methods , these pipes which are made by peroxide crosslinking have better performance in the...
Author(s) : Andrew J. White, Paul Dietz
FP-Pigments is a global manufacturer of a unique series of titanium dioxide pigment products and have been supplying the coatings, plastics, paper and inks markets for over 10 years, helping our customers reduce their raw material costs while maintaining product quality and performance. We have plants in both...
Author(s) : Hua Ye, Sun Jin, Wei Ruoqi
As a safe, clean, low-carbon and reliable energy source, nuclear power, together with hydropower and coal power, constitutes the three pillars of the world's energy supply and play an important role in the world's energy structure.With the strong support of national policies, China's nuclear energy has entered a new...
Author(s) : Britta Gerets, Mirko Wenzel, Kurt Engelsing
The strain hardening test (SHT, ISO 18488 [1]) becomes increasingly important for the characterization of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) grades and pipes made thereof. With regard to small pipe diameters, a smaller test specimen than the one defined in ISO 18488 has been developed. SHT results were demonstrated to...
Author(s) : Hermann van Laak, Jan Heimink, Mario Messiha, Andreas Frank, Christoph Bruckner, Thomas Kratochvilla
For high pressure pipes above maximum operation pressure of 10 bar, this paper emphasizes PA-U12 as the easy to install alternative to steel. It underlines the superb performance of PA-U12 pipes for alternative installation techniques without need for a separate mechanical protection. An unplasticized polyamide 12...
Author(s) : Jörg Wermelinger, Sunwoong Choi
In the development of an international standard on non-destructive test for polyethylene electrofusion socket (EF) joints, the inspection capability of the phased array ultrasonic test (PAUT) in assessing flaws in the joints was needed to establish procedure qualification of the test method. For this, a worldwide...
Author(s) : Thomas R. Kratochvilla, Raimund Eremiasch, Christoph Bruckner
In the last years effort has been made to develop and standardise new accelerated test methods to evaluate PE 100-RC materials in short times in form of test bars. The two most important developments, the cracked round bar test (CRB test) and the strain hardening test (SH test) were published as final ISO standards in...
Author(s) : Márton Bredács, Andreas Frank, Amaia Bastero, Alex Stolarz, Gerald Pinter
Accelerated aging experiments by the immersion of a commercial polyethylene (PE) pipe grade in 10 ppm of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and in 100 ppm of hypochlorite (HOCl) solution at 60 °C were performed. An additional immersion test was conducted in 1 ppm of ClO2 at 40 °C. The exposure parameters were continuously...
Author(s) : M. Boerakker, S. van Mierloo, D. v. Beek, R. Schipper, P. Voets, M. Soliman, K. Jacobson, D. Lukes, B. Rabaud, F. Zraick
HDPE pipes are used for standard pressurized water pipes, offering an excellent solution for safe transport of (drinking) water. The HDPE pipe market is growing globally. Especially in countries that suffer from water scarcity, surface water and water from rivers have to be used for drinking water supply. To guarantee...
Author(s) : Mario Messiha, Andreas Frank, Isabelle J. Berger, Jan Heimink, Hermann van Laak, Florian Arbeiter, Gerald Pinter
Since the last decade polyamide 12 (PA12) has been successfully introduced as material for SDR 11 gas piping systems up to 18 bar, representing itself as an attractive alternative to steel pipes for high-pressure applications. Practical experience has confirmed that beside the higher strength, PA12 pipe grades also...
Author(s) : HU Fa, LI Yue, GAO Yuanjie, ZHE Dongmei, WEI Ruoqi
This paper expounds the development status of composite insulating pipe in the heating and chemical fields from the aspects of materials, structure and application. Combined with the relevant standards and technical requirements, the performance advantages and the key evaluation methods such as axial shear strength,...
Author(s) : Suleyman Deveci, Birkan Eryigit, Senthil K. Kaliappan
The effect of eccentricity on the failure time of pipes under hydrostatic pressure test has a significant magnitude that it can easily mislead the evaluation of pipes according to requirement of ISO 4427-2. Therefore, authors propose a maximum relative eccentricity limit of 0.015, even lower, for pipes being tested...
Author(s) : Carlos Domínguez, Álvaro Pérez, Nuria Robledo, Cristina González, Beatriz Paredes, Rafael A. García-Muñoz
Last methodologies for fast evaluation of the SCG resistance on polyethylene pipe materials are analyzed in this work and compared with traditional PENT and FNCT tests. Strain Hardening (SH), Crack Round Bar (CRB) and Accelerated Creep Test (ACT) will be good alternatives for evaluating PE100RC resins. Moreover, SH...
Members of the Association
