Our site uses cookies necessary for its proper functioning. To improve your experience, other cookies may be used: you can choose to disable them. This can be changed at any time via the Cookies link at the bottom of the page.


Determination of the slow crack growth resistance of PA12 pipe grades

 

Papers

Plastic Pipes Conference Association # 2018 Las-Vegas

Mario Messiha, Andreas Frank, Isabelle J. Berger, Jan Heimink, Hermann van Laak, Florian Arbeiter, Gerald Pinter

Since the last decade polyamide 12 (PA12) has been successfully introduced as material for SDR 11 gas piping systems up to 18 bar, representing itself as an attractive alternative to steel pipes for high-pressure applications. Practical experience has confirmed that beside the higher strength, PA12 pipe grades also show an excellent resistance against relevant pipe failure mechanisms such as slow crack growth (SCG) as well as any third-party attack or external surface damages. Within the current paper, four different PA12 materials with varying macromolecular structure were investigated. On the one hand, a major focus was put on the general applicability of the Cyclic Cracked Round Bar (CRB) Test as fracture mechanical test method. On the other hand, the influence of the molecular weight, expressed by the relative viscosity number VNrel, on the fracture mechanical failure behavior was examined. The results demonstrate that the Cyclic CRB Test is a suitable method to provoke real SCG, and that the viscosity number has a considerable influence on the SCG resistance of PA12.

Related keywords : polyamide 12, gas piping systems, slow crack growth, cyclic cracked round bar test.
Please note that the whole article content is available on PPCA website only :

Related papers

2021 Amsterdam : A NEW GENERATION OF HIGH PERFORMANCE BIAXIALLY ORIENTED POLYETHYLENE AND POLYPROPYLENE PRESSURE PIPES

Author(s) : A. Taraiya, P. Degenhart, M. Soliman, M. Boerakker, R. Handstanger, R. Kleppinger

Since the introduction of polyolefins for pressure pipes, continuous improvements have been made to meet ever-higher demands on their performance and to expand their application window beyond their original scope, mostly based on new resin formulations. Today, we also continue to push the limit to provide better...

2021 Amsterdam : EFFECT OF CHLORINATED WATER ON THE FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RESISTANCE OF POLYETHYLENE COMPOUNDS WITH RECYCLATE CONTENT FOR PIPE APPLICATIONS

Author(s) : Paul J. Freudenthaler, Joerg Fischer, Mathias Eder, Reinhold W. Lang

For controlled water disinfection, typically chlorine is used and preliminary studies demonstrate its aging and crack growth acceleration effects on polyolefin pipe materials [1, 2]. Although the use of recycled plastics is not prohibited in some ISO standards for polyolefin piping systems [3–5], only small amounts...

2021 Amsterdam : EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND LONG- TERM DURABILITY OF AGED POLYETHYLENE PIPES FOR GAS DISTRIBUTION

Author(s) : Shuhei Nishida, Shintaro Iwasaki, Hidefumi Yamanaka, Takahiro Kasatani

Polyethylene pipelines have been used for natural gas service applications for over 40 years in Japan. It is thought that they will continue to be used widely for many years. Therefore, it is important to confirm the conditions of the existing pipelines being used for the long term. In this study, polyethylene pipes...

2021 Amsterdam : EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF LIQUID HYDROCARBONS ON THE LONG-TERM CREEP RUPTURE PROPERTIES OF PRESSURE PIPE GRADE UNPLASTICIZED POLYAMIDE-12

Author(s) : James F. Mason, Akshay Ponda, Hermann van Laak, Buc Slay

The effects of liquid hydrocarbons on long term strength of pipe grade thermoplastic resins is an important consideration when designing pressure pipe for use in the oil and gas industry. There is an extensive body of work going back several decades descri bing these effects for pipe grade polyethylenes, and all...

2021 Amsterdam : FINDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST METHODS AND THE TENSILE IMPACT TEST ON PVC PIPES

Author(s) : Sjoerd Jansma, René Hermkens

More than 20,000 km of rigid PVC (or PVC-U) pipes are currently in use for the distribution of natural gas in the Netherlands. In this decade, the majority of these pipes will reach their initially specified lifespan of 50 years. In the light of a possible replacement surge, it is increasingly important to identify...

2021 Amsterdam : FINDING THE RIGHT PIPE TEST FOR POLYETHYLENE WITH RAISED RESISTANCE TO SLOW CRACK GROWTH

Author(s) : Ernst van der Stok

For PE 100-RC, two tests are still under development for pipes: the point load test (PLT) and the accelerated notch pipe test (aNPT). The PLT was developed by a project group consisting of manufacturers and end users. The PLT determines the resistance to point loads as they can occur in practice. An earlier study...

2021 Amsterdam : FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (FEM) USED TO SIMULATE THE STRESS/STRAIN OF THE POINT LOAD TEST (PLT) IN A BROADER STUDY TO SUPPORT THE FUTURE ISO TEST STANDARD

Author(s) : S. Nestelberger, J. Cheng

The Point Load Test (PLT) [‎ 1, ‎ 2] was designed to simulate the SCG (slow crack growth) failure initiated by a rock pressing into the exterior wall of a polymer pipe. Today’s PE materials sustain long PLT testing times, due to its high SCG resistance design. Consequently, an accelerated “PLT+” with the support of...

2021 Amsterdam : GROWTH IN THE USE OF POLYETHYLENE PIPES IN MEA FOR NATURAL GAS UTILITY DISTRIBUTION

Author(s) : Sultan Alkendi, Mohamed Jaber, Ahmed Atef Helal

The current push to reduce governmental energy subsidies has moved the need to adapt utility gas distribution networks toward the top of Middle Eastern governmental near-term agendas. Egypt is at the forefront of this push towards gasification. The United Arab Emirates has started on the path towards gasification...

2021 Amsterdam : HYDROGEN TRANSPORT IN POLYMER PIPES FOR NATURAL GAS DISTRIBUTION – TEN YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

Author(s) : Stephan Kneck, Henrik Iskov

It has become ever clearer that the resources of natural gas are an energy source, which will be less important in the future due to limitations in use of natural reserves. In order to prepare for the future the gas industry is looking at the alternative fuel gases, one such fuel gas is hydrogen. In order to prepare...

2021 Amsterdam : INVESTIGATING THE INFLUENCE OF CHANGES IN MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF POLYAMIDE 12 GRADES ON THE RESISTANCE AGAINST SLOW CRACK GROWTH

Author(s) : Mario Messiha, Britta Gerets, Jan Heimink, Andreas Frank, Florian Arbeiter, Gerald Pinter

A majority of field failure of viscoelastic plastic pipes can be attributed to slow crack growth (SCG) and has become crucial in terms of characterization of newly developed materials – particularly, if they are designed for pressurized pipe applications. In this study, investigations in terms of SCG resistances...

2021 Amsterdam : INVESTIGATION OF THE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYAMIDE 12 PIPE WELDS

Author(s) : M. Eckes & Dr. B. Baudrit, Dr. M. Troughton & D. Wylie, H. van Laak & J. Fritz

Unplasticized polyamide 12 (PA-U12) is increasingly being used in pipe applications, especially in the gas sector. However, the material behavior in the usual quality tests for pipe welds has not yet been thoroughly investigated. For this reason, two research institutes, worked in cooperation with a manufacturer of...

2021 Amsterdam : MODIFIED PLAIN STRAIN GROOVED TENSILE TEST TO EVALUATE LARGE DIAMETER PE PIPES

Author(s) : Thomas R. Kratochvilla, Patrick Grünbeck, Christoph Bruckner, Raimund Eremiasch, Harald Wilhelm, Mario Vukelja

In the last decades pipe dimensions of extruded PE pipes have reached new orders of size. Today, PE pipes with outer diameters of up to DN/OD 3500 mm are produced and used for pressure pipe applications like seawater intake/discharge, outfall, sewage and industrial process piping systems. To test the long-term...

2021 Amsterdam : PVC Pipes TRAINING PACKAGE: 2020 UPDATE!

Author(s) : Sylvie Famelart, Vincent. Stone

In order to deliver to the market reliable and consistent information about PVC and the different PVC pipe solutions, a Training Package was developed a few years ago. The package was made up of a set of standalone PowerPoint slides, providing information on PVC-U and PVC-C pipe systems. Information on both general...

2021 Amsterdam : PVC PIPES WITH SUPERIOR ROOT INTRUSION RESISTANCE

Author(s) : Argnani Claudio, Ing. Gianpaolo Contarini

...Clogging of the pipes can be experienced in sewer systems after a short period of service, due to the intrusion of roots from plants and trees. Plants, and in particular their roots, are attracted by the water flowing inside the pipes. These roots will strain the connections between pipes, in particular the sockets...

2021 Amsterdam : RESTRAINED MECHANICAL JOINING DEVICES FOR HDPE PIPE: PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS AND TEST PROTOCOL

Author(s) : Justin Brandt, Mike Griffin, Tony Cuvo

As plastic pipe gains share in new markets and applications, additional joining methods add further value, enabling continued growth for plastic pipes. To date, definitions of a “fit-for-purpose” mechanical joint for High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pressure piping systems can vary significantly. As such, mechanical...

2021 Amsterdam : RIGHT STABILIZATION AND QUICK MEASUREMENT OF GEL CONTENT IN PE-XA PIPES

Author(s) : Alireza Sahaf Amin, Dr. Gholamreza Pircheraghi

PE-Xa pipes used in the hot water supply are required for high mechanical strength and high creep resistance at high temperature. Because of the higher cross-link degree of PE-Xa pipes as compared with other crosslinked pipes methods , these pipes which are made by peroxide crosslinking have better performance in the...

2021 Amsterdam : SLOW CRACK GROWTH IN POLYETHYLENE PIPES: FRACTURE SURFACE EVIDENCE FOR THE SLOW CRACK GROWTH MECHANISM IN ACCELERATED TESTS

Author(s) : Mark Boerakker, Rudy Deblieck, a Harm Caelers, Arno Wilbers, Tine Boonen a DSM, Britta Gerets, Mirko Wenzel

Components made of plastic are facing ever-increasing demands with respect to their production, use and durability. This also holds for gas and drinking water pressure pipes made of high-density polyethylene (PE-HD), where service lifetimes of up to 50 years and in some cases even 100 years are required. One of the...

2021 Amsterdam : SLOW CRACK GROWTH RESISTANCE OF REPROCESSED PVC

Author(s) : Andreas Frank, Mario Messiha, Günter Dreiling, Norbert Schuler, Jens-Martin Storheil, Erwin Mayrbäurl, Stuart Ramella, Frank Krause, Rudi Berning, Philippe Gabriëls, Alpay Aydemir, Thomas Koch, Florian Arbeiter, Gerald Pinter

The Cyclic Cracked Round Bar (CRB) Test has been applied to study the slow crack growth (SCG) resistance of virgin, recycled, and reprocessed PVC-U. This fracture mechanical test allows a quick ranking of the SCG resistance of PVC-U. A clear correlation between the K-value and the SCG resistance has been elaborated....

2021 Amsterdam : TESTING AND APPLICATION OF POLYETHYLENE PRESSURE PIPING FOR NUCLEAR POWER IN CHINA

Author(s) : Hua Ye, Sun Jin, Wei Ruoqi

As a safe, clean, low-carbon and reliable energy source, nuclear power, together with hydropower and coal power, constitutes the three pillars of the world's energy supply and play an important role in the world's energy structure.With the strong support of national policies, China's nuclear energy has entered a new...

2021 Amsterdam : TESTING SPOOLABLE REINFORCED FLEXIBLE PIPES AND LINER MATERIAL FOR HIGH-PRESSURE HYDROGEN TRANSPORT

Author(s) : Sjoerd Jansma, Peter Cloos, Ernst van der Stok

This paper describes two different test methods used to determine the permeation rate of hydrogen through a reinforced thermoplastic pipe (RTP) system with a HDPE liner pipe and a gas-tight layer at a pressure of 42 bar(g) hydrogen and ambient temperature. One method involThe results of the aforementioned tests...

Members of the Association

BOREALISBOROUGEFormosa Plastics CorporationHanwha TotalEnergiesINEOS O&PIRPCKorea Petrochemical IND. Co., LTD (KPIC)LyondellBasellPetroChina Dushanzi Petrochemical CompanyPRIME POLYMERSABICSCG Chemicals & Thai PolyethyleneSinopecTASNEE
TOP